在备考英语四级阅读时，重点应放在提升阅读速度和理解文章主旨上。多做训练，熟知容易见到题型和方法，能够帮助应付考试挑战。新东方在线记者为大伙整理了“2024年12月大学习英语四级阅读理解100篇精析”，期望能为大伙带来帮助。
2024年12月大学习英语四级阅读理解100篇精析
Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.
This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or – independently of any course – simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.
We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not an unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far form being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equally.
We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn’t take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.
1. According to the passage, ‘scientific subculture’ means _____.
[A] cultural groups that are formed by scientists.
[B] people whose knowledge of science is very limited.
[C] the scientific community.
[D] people who make good contribution to science.
2. We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because_____.
[A] it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate scientists.
[B] Science affects almost every aspect of our life.
[C] Scientists live in a specific subculture.
[D] It is easier to understand general characteristics of science.
3. The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who_____.
[A] are intelligent college students and lay person who do not know much about science.
[B] are good at producing various gadgets.
[C] work in a storehouse of dried facts.
[D] want to have a superficial understanding of science.
4. According to this passage,_____.
[A] English is a sexist language.
[B] only in the scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidly.
[C] women are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of our language.
[D] male nouns or pronouns should not be used to refer to scientists.
5. This passage most probably is_____.
[A] a book review.
[B] the preface of a book.
[C] the postscript of a book.
[D] the concluding part of a book.
[page]Vocabulary
1. subculture 亚文化群
2. superficial 肤浅的，浅薄的，表面的
3. lay person 外行，门外汉，俗人
4. musty 发毒的，老朽的，陈腐的
5. gadget 小玩意儿，小配件，新创造
6. pervasive 渗透的，弥漫的，遍布的
7. populate 居住于……中，在……中占一席之地
8. implicit 含蓄的，内含的
9. unspecified 未特别提出的
10. offset 抵消，补偿
1. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.
假如一个人了解那些使科学家激动不已和灰心丧气的东西，那就很容易知道科学的一般特点与特殊科学定义。
2. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitude and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are and what they do.
大家期望这本书能引导读者对科学观念有一个更为广阔的透视;对什么是科学、科学家是些什么人与他们在做什么有一个更为现实的看法。
3. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.
另外，读者可掌握正确评价科学看法与大家文化中无处不在的某些价值观和哲学思想之间的关系。
4. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not an unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions.
科学亚文化群中妇女用途愈加大。这不是难得一见的意料之外事件，而是，确切地说，在社会各部门显著时尚的一部分因为愈加多妇女进入了传统上为男子统治的范围并作出了重大的贡献。
5. This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgement of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of human race equally.
这一方案并不理想，但它至少承认了一个事实，那就是在平等对待人类另一半上，大家的语言功能还不全。
写作办法与文章大意
这是一篇书的序言，作者用夹叙夹议的写作办法介绍了书的涉及面及其功能。
第一提出科学是大家文化的重大主题，但大家也该知道科学家生活的亚文化群，只有了解一些勉励和挫伤科学家的种种状况，才能理解科学的一般特点及其特殊定义。
第二方面指出书的读者对象是对科学一知半解的学生及门外汉。书可作理工科课程的辅助读物，又可独立自成体系。它可开阔大家科学的视线，真的知道科学、科学家及其工作，理解科学和文化的关系，科学看法和哲学的关系。
第三方面指出亚文化群中妇女增多，贡献巨大，而大家的语言却隐含这性别的歧视，很难充分平等地反映妇女。
最后指出信件息量大又具娱乐性，寓教于乐。
答案解析
1. C 科学社区。答案在第一段第二句，大家也该知道科学家生活在其中的亚文化群与他们是哪种人。第三段又讲到，有关科学社区的画面与妇女对科学亚文化的贡献。可见科学社区即亚文化。
A. 科学家所组成种种文化群体。 B. 科学常识有限的一些人。 C. 对科学作出非常大贡献的人。
2. B 由于科学几乎影响到大家生活的每个方面。文章开综明旨点出：科学是大家文化中的要紧主题，因为它几乎涉及到大家生活的每一方面，有常识的人至少需要熟知一些结构和用途。
A. 知道激起和挫伤科学家的事情可不太容易。 C. 科学家生活在特定的亚文化群中。D. 知道科学的一般特质很容易。
3. A 不太知道科学的大学生或门外汉。第二段首句就点出了这本书为对科学一知半解的大学生和门外汉所写，为某些人，一直把科学看作干巴巴的事实堆砌的发霉的石屋的人;为那种把科学的主要目的视为生产小配件的人;为那些把科学视为某种魔术的人而写。这说明主要为A项人所写，对科学知道不多的大学生和普通人。
B. 擅长生产各种小配件。 C. 在干巴巴的事实堆砌的石屋中工作。 D. 相对科学有肤浅知道的人。
4. D 不应当用阳性的名词和代词去指科学家。第三段集中讲了这本书提供精准而又现代的有关科学社区和居住在其中的人的画卷。近年来，愈加多的妇女包含进去，缘由是很多妇女进入传统上为男性统治的范围，并作出巨大贡献，所以妇女在科学亚文化群中的增多并非罕见的偶然事件，而是社会各部门明显趋势的组成部分。在讨论其变化和贡献时，大家面临着隐含性别歧视的语言――用阳性名词和代词来指未指定人物，为了消除这种偏颇，大家在可能和必要时使用了复数名词和代词来取代他或她。
A. 英语是一种性别语言。 B. 只有在科学范围中，妇女有哪些用途增长非常快。 C. 妇女在晓民大家语言中的不适合性作出了巨大的贡献。依据此题注解说明这三项都不对。英语不可以说成是有性别的语言，其中虽有的词性表示男士或女人。文内明确指科学界妇女增多是整个社会的趋势的组成部分。因为妇女在科学界的贡献，所以不可以再用阳性名词或代词去指科学界，并非在消灭语言……
5. B 书的前言，见文章大意。
A. 书的评论。 C. 书跋、书的附录。 D. 书的结论部分。
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